In a career lasting over 60 years, he served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , spread over four terms beginning in and ending in He also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer four times.
Gladstone was born in Liverpool to Scottish parents. He first entered the House of Commons in , beginning his political career as a High Tory , a grouping which became the Conservative Party under Robert Peel in Gladstone served as a minister in both of Peel's governments, and in joined the breakaway Peelite faction, which eventually merged into the new Liberal Party in Gladstone's own political doctrineβwhich emphasised equality of opportunity and opposition to trade protectionism βcame to be known as Gladstonian liberalism.
His popularity amongst the working-class earned him the sobriquet "The People's William". In , Gladstone became Prime Minister for the first time. Many reforms were passed during his first ministry, including the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland and the introduction of secret voting.
After electoral defeat in , Gladstone resigned as leader of the Liberal Party. From he began a comeback based on opposition to Turkey 's reaction to the Bulgarian April Uprising. His Midlothian Campaign of β80 was an early example of many modern political campaigning techniques. Back in office in early , Gladstone proposed home rule for Ireland but was defeated in the House of Commons. The resulting split in the Liberal Party helped keep them out of office β with one short break β for 20 years.
Gladstone formed his last government in , at the age of Gladstone left office in March , aged 84, as both the oldest person to serve as Prime Minister and the only Prime Minister to have served four terms. He left Parliament in and died three years later. Gladstone was known affectionately by his supporters as "The People's William" or the "G. In , the family name was changed from Gladstones to Gladstone by royal licence.
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